V2V BLOG
INSIGHTS AND REFLECTIONS
Reflections from field studies in Jamaica and Bangladesh
K M Shahriar Nazrul | PhD Candidate, St Mary's University, Canada
15 July 2025
Do we, as researchers, perceive the distress of the underprivileged as they experience it or see it themselves? Are (small-scale) fishers in the West or East materially or spiritually secure with the conservation proposals we advocate? Do people communicate differently under community dominance compared to when alone?
These questions have inspired my PhD journey, taking me from the lively coasts of Jamaica to the dynamic shores of Bangladesh. While they are not the main focus of my research, they have played a wonderful role in guiding my shift from a natural science background to exploring more social science topics!
While returning to my home country is always an exciting experience, transitioning from a snowy March in Canada to a hot and humid April in Bangladesh presented some challenges. Yet, the love from family, the genuine smiles of the local people, and the warm hospitality of my very own coastal fishermen made my time incredibly special. Even though I did not expect any of these while being nine thousand miles away in Jamaica, the cheerful and welcoming spirit of the ‘No Problem’ people made my 33 days on this beautiful island truly unforgettable.
As my research centres on a vital question of the time – ‘how can the well-being and equity of fishers be reinforced under the Global Biodiversity Framework’s push for bold area-based conservation targets?’, I was interviewing small-scale fishers at multiple locations across both geographic settings to understand their experiences to date. While in Jamaica, I observed a notable level of active engagement among fishers in the establishment, governance, and management of Marine Protected Areas (in the form of fish sanctuaries), my investigations in Bangladesh revealed a concerning lack of awareness among these fishers. This was particularly striking to me, given that the country designated its first MPA in 2000 and has managed to conserve 7.99% of its coastal and marine waters so far through these efforts. Aside from my planned study, I had to investigate the underlying reasons for Bangladeshi fishermen’s apparent reluctance towards MPAs and similar conservation tools.
Another noteworthy distinction between these two study locations was the presence of fisherwomen participating as interviewees. In Jamaica, I was pleased to secure enough representation from this group, which added valuable perspectives. However, in Bangladesh, none of the fisherwomen expressed interest or chose not to participate in the interviews. Women make up approximately 30 per cent of the fishing workforce in Bangladesh, which is quite surprising given their absence, and highlights underlying social or cultural barriers that remain to be clearly understood.
I still need to analyse the field data and discover the trends that may support my hypothesis. But I want to take a moment to thank the V2V Global Partnership, the Robin Rigby Trust, and the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research at SMU for their generous support during my field trips to Jamaica and Bangladesh. I am also truly grateful to my wonderful teammates- Inilek, Murphy and David in Jamaica, and Aporna and Krishna in Bangladesh. Together, we have travelled countless miles, adapted to remote environments, and faced extreme weather conditions- all in the pursuit of science! I am excited to see what our hard work will reveal in the upcoming months.
Reflection on my Participation at the MARE Conference
Ruyel Miah | PhD Candidate, University of Waterloo, Canada
15 July 2025
Attending the MARE People and the Sea Conference 2025 from June 23-27 in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, was an amazing academic and professional experience. The conference, centred on maritime and coastal small-scale fisheries and aquaculture, brought together scholars, policymakers, and practitioners from around the world, fostering meaningful discussions on sustainability, equity, and governance in the coastal and marine environment. I had the opportunity to deliver a presentation on my research on transboundary governance in the Sundarbans, which allowed me to share insights, receive constructive feedback, and engage with experts in the field.
The conference’s interdisciplinary approach deepened my understanding of the complexities surrounding coastal and marine governance. Sessions on community-based resource management, climate adaptation, and transboundary environmental cooperation resonated strongly with my research on the Sundarbans, the shared social-ecological systems between India and Bangladesh, facing challenges such as mangrove degradation, biodiversity loss, and conflicting governance approaches. One of the most valuable aspects was the opportunity to network with researchers working on similar issues in other transboundary contexts. These exchanges highlighted the Sundarbans' unique challenges (e.g., geopolitical tensions, divergent national policies) and potential pathways for improved cooperation, such as joint monitoring frameworks and inclusive stakeholder dialogues.
Beyond the academic exchange, the conference was a reminder of the real-world impact of our research. Hearing from coastal communities, NGOs, and policymakers reinforced the urgency of bridging the gap between theory and practice. By examining the challenges of cooperation between India and Bangladesh in governing the Sundarbans, my research contributes to the Vulnerability to Viability (V2V) Global Partnership’s broader goal of fostering resilient and equitable governance systems that prioritize local livelihoods and ecological health.
The MARE Conference 2025 was more than just an academic event; it was a space for learning, reflection, and inspiration. Presenting my research was a milestone that helped me see its broader relevance while exposing gaps to address in future work. I return with new ideas, stronger networks, and a renewed motivation to contribute to sustainable and equitable governance of the Sundarbans and other shared ecosystems.
I am deeply grateful to TBTI Global’s Director, Dr. Ratana Chuenpagdee, for helping me attend the conference. I am also thankful to the organizers for allowing me to contribute to the conference with my presentation, discussion, and volunteering.
“Tides of Tenacity: The Women of Kumirmari”
Soumi Bandyopadhyay | M.Phil scholar, Diamond Harbour Women's University, India
15 July 2025
In Kumirmari, an island cradled in the arms of the Sundarbans, the stories of women are stitched into the very fabric of the landscape—woven with salt, sweat, and silence. They do not live-in headlines or history books, but in the rhythm of oars slicing through brackish water, in the aroma of sun-dried mango pickles fermenting in clay jars, in the sharp sizzle of mustard oil hitting hot iron pans at dawn.
These women are not idle survivors. They are builders of life from broken pieces, crafting means of sustenance where the world sees only loss. On any given morning, one may find them squatting on earthen courtyards, grinding spices under the open sky, bottling pickles, cooking batches of puffed rice snacks, drying fish, sewing, or shaping clay stoves—each task not just domestic, but deeply economic. They cook not only for mouths, but for markets. Their work, often dismissed as “women’s work,” is the spine of a quiet, local economy that resists both poverty and despair.
One afternoon by the riverbank, a woman sat beside her teenage daughter under the bent shadow of a plastic tarpaulin, selling steaming tea and small handmade items. Her tiny hut-shaped stall had been washed away more times than she could count, swept into the river’s hungry mouth by cyclones and tides. But each time, she rebuilt it. With bamboo, old cloth, and resolve. She didn’t curse the river. She only smiled and said, “The river tests us. So, we learn to float.”
Elsewhere, in the shivering hush of a winter afternoon, another woman cast her net into the cold water, her hands red from the chill but her eyes focused. Fishing wasn’t just a tradition; it was a matter of survival. With each catch, she bought schoolbooks, stitched roofs, and fed mouths. Her body bent with labour, but her spirit stood tall.
Beyond their homes and riverbanks, these women are also voices of change. They attend climate awareness meetings, volunteer for government schemes, and work with local self-help groups. They are learning to speak not just in the language of sustenance, but in the language of policy, adaptation, and justice. They are shaping young minds, teaching their children—and sometimes even their husbands—that protecting the land is not a choice but a responsibility. The mangroves are not just trees, but shields. That saving a river is saving a lineage.
Kumirmari's women are like the mangroves they live beside—flexible, grounded, capable of holding the land together even in the fiercest of storms. Their lives may be simple, but their strength is elemental. They rise with the tide, fall with the tide, but never vanish with it.
Their story is not only one of survival, it is of innovation, care, and courage that flows quietly alongside the river, just as persistent, just as powerful.
Displaced by Design? Rethinking the Future of Fisherfolk in Bangladesh
Sanzida Alam | Master's student, University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh
15 May 2025
Every year in Bangladesh, a mandatory fishing ban period is imposed during specific breeding seasons, especially for hilsa and other species. It’s a time when the boats fall silent, the nets dry out, and rivers ripple undisturbed. To support the small-scale fishers during these challenging weeks, the government rolls out a package of compensations—mostly rice distributions. More recently, scholarships for the children of fishing families have been added to this list of incentives.
I’ve had the opportunity to sit down and speak with government officials and dedicated individuals working at the grassroots level for the welfare of small-scale fishers. Many of them enthusiastically spoke about the expanding focus on education. “We’re trying to ensure that no fisher’s child grows up to become a fisher,” one official told me, with pride in his voice.
And it is a noble initiative. Education as a form of empowerment is indisputable. Who wouldn’t want their children to have access to better futures, broader horizons?
Yet that very conversation left me with a lingering discomfort.
Are we truly providing opportunities—or are we unknowingly displacing entire communities from their identities?
In a country like Bangladesh, laced with rivers and wetlands, the profession of fishing is not just a livelihood. It's an inheritance. A culture. A way of being. Small-scale fishers (SSF) are stewards of our rivers. They read the winds and currents like scriptures. Their knowledge is intimate, ancient, and often passed down through generations—not in textbooks, but over shared meals and long nights on the water.
And so I wonder: Why does “development” for fishers so often mean a “departure” from fishing?
Why can’t we dream bigger for them within their own world?
Why are we not designing policies and support systems that preserve their identity while still helping them thrive in the 21st century?
Instead of pushing fisherfolk away from the rivers, why not bring the rivers closer to modernity? Train them in using updated tools and techniques—GPS tracking, sustainable fishing practices, cold-chain logistics. Provide grants for better boats, improved gear, or community-owned processing facilities. Let them learn about climate change and fish migration patterns, not just as threats, but as sources of knowledge they can use to navigate with confidence.
After all, Bangladesh is a riverine country—our identity is intertwined with water. Small-scale fishers contribute about 3.5% to our national GDP. They are essential to the rural economy, they feed millions, and they do so sustainably, using methods far gentler than industrial trawlers.
And yet, rather than empowering them to enhance their work, we often end up encouraging them to abandon it altogether. Let me be clear—I am fully in support of education.But development shouldn’t be a binary between tradition and advancement. The two can coexist. They must coexist.
True empowerment means giving people the choice to stay, not just the means to leave. It means equipping them with tools, resources, recognition, and respect—so that if a young fisher wants to follow his father’s path, he can do so with pride, not shame.
So as we applaud scholarships and celebrate initiatives, let’s also ask: What kind of future are we imagining for our fishers?
Reflections on my Thesis Defense
Akash Kar | Master's Student, University of Waterloo, Canada
15 May 2025
I'm very grateful for my committee. The defense felt conversational, with questions that led to a productive and engaging discussion. It seemed as if there was a strong interest surrounding the subject matters of the project, and the defense was spent speaking to the respective interests of all members of the committee. I cannot give enough thanks to my supervisor, Dr. Nayak, for his incredible support throughout this project.
The project investigated how co-management institutions in the Bangladesh portion of the Sundarbans have impacted small-scale fishers and their livelihood practices. This project developed and implemented a new legal pluralism framework to better assess the positionality of low-level stakeholders in a co-management institution.
I'm not sure if you would like a different description, here is the abstract below if that is better. I also have included the slideshow and some photos from the presentation.
'Small-scale fisheries in Bangladesh not only exist as a significant component of the national economy, but also as a backbone for many people who depend on them. Despite their importance, small-scale fishers in Bangladesh are considered among the most vulnerable populations in the world. Not only do they face food insecurity, poor water access, limited educational opportunity, minimal access to healthcare, but fishing itself has become increasingly unviable over time. Small-scale fishers have been impacted by increased competition, declining fish stocks, poor regulation, a rapidly changing ecology, all of which contribute to the vulnerability of small-scale fishing practices.. These conditions are consistent throughout the country, however, specifically in the Sundarbans they are amplified. Originally adopted to increase local participation in decision-making processes, community-based management institutions were introduced to Bangladesh in the late 1990’s and officially came to the Sundarbans in 2009. This study aims to analyze stakeholder interactions in the current co-management structures present in Satkhira, the largest district of the Sundarbans, in order to better understand how the institutions work to impact small-scale fishers and their livelihood practices. Case-studies were conducted in different four unions in Satkhira, and a legal pluralism framework was applied in the fifth chapter to contextualize the relationships between statutory and customary institutions. This study aims to provide a deeper understanding of co-management institutions in Satkhira and to examine the related vulnerabilities and viabilities. The findings suggest that strong legal pluralism is unlikely to emerge under neoliberal conservation regimes. For improved compliance and engagement from fishers, there is a pressing need for these communities to receive more relevant and tangible benefits.
Reflections on the 14th Asian Fisheries and Aquaculture Forum (14AFAF)
Navya Nair | PhD Candidate, University of Waterloo, Canada
15 March 2025
Attending the 14th Asian Fisheries and Aquaculture Forum (14AFAF) at the ICAR Convention Centre in New Delhi was an enriching experience that provided invaluable insights into the challenges and opportunities within small-scale fisheries (SSF) in Asia. Themed "Greening the Blue Growth in Asia-Pacific," the conference brought together academics, policymakers, and practitioners to discuss pathways for making fisheries more sustainable and resilient. As a PhD student and researcher in the Vulnerability to Viability (V2V) Global Partnership, I had the opportunity to present my work on “Strengthening Social-Ecological Resilience in Chilika Lagoon: From Vulnerability to Viability in Small-Scale Fisheries”.
The technical sessions showcased a wide range of studies on SSF governance, ecological resilience, and socio-economic transformations. The V2V session, in particular, provided a robust platform for discussing key issues such as resource depletion, governance mismatches, climate vulnerabilities, and socio-economic marginalization in SSFs. The presentation lineup, which included perspectives from India, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Thailand, Japan, and Malaysia, highlighted the commonalities and divergences in SSF challenges across these regions. My research on Chilika Lagoon contributed to this discourse by emphasizing the importance of adaptive co-management and the role of community participation in fostering resilience.
One of the most insightful components of the forum was the V2V Roundtable Discussion, which explored how the V2V Transitions approach can support sustainable fisheries in Asia. The discussions underscored the need for integrated policies that incorporate fisher voices, recognize informal governance systems, and promote co-management practices. The perspectives shared by experts such as Dr. Ratana Chuenpagdee, Dr. Derek Armitage, Dr. Maarten Bavinck, Dr. Basanta Kumar Das, Dr. Philippa Cohen, Dr. Indah Susilowati and other scholars resonated deeply with my research, reinforcing the importance of transdisciplinary collaboration and participatory governance.
As a PhD student, the forum allowed me to engage with experts and practitioners who are actively shaping fisheries policies. The conversations at 14AFAF emphasized the need for research-driven policy interventions that go beyond addressing vulnerabilities to proactively enhancing the viability of SSFs. The experience reinforced my commitment to using research as a tool for social-ecological change, ensuring that SSFs remain resilient and sustainable in the face of ongoing challenges. The event was not just an academic gathering but a call to action, urging us to integrate knowledge across disciplines, bridge the gap between theory and practice, and advocate for inclusive governance models that empower small-scale fishers. The learnings from this forum will undoubtedly shape my future research trajectory and contributions to the V2V Global Partnership.
Reflections on my Participation at the 14th AFAF
Murray Lister | Masters Student, University of Waterloo, Canada
15 March 2025
From February 11th to February 16th, 2025, I along with other Vulnerability to Viability (V2V) Global Partnership scholars had the incredible opportunity to attend the 14th Asian Fisheries and Aquaculture Forum (AFAF) in New Delhi, India. This conference had over 800 delegates, governmental officials, policy and practice individuals, and scholars from over 48 countries from around the globe. This conference was titled as “Greening the Blue Growth in Asia Pacific”, and it was a fantastic opportunity that showcased the new and transdisciplinary research being done within Asia working towards greening blue economies. During the conference along with other delegates I gave a presentation on my current research in marine capture fisheries in Indonesia. My research was titled “Determining Adaptive Co-Management Applicability Within Small-Scale Fisheries in Indonesia: Transitioning Fisheries from Vulnerability to Viability”. I explored the abilities of marine capture fisheries to transition from their current management regime into forms of adaptive co-management, increasing community viability.
At the end of the conference after hearing innovative and interdisciplinary research from various scholars, the concluding ceremonies were held to present the awards of the conference. I was delighted to hear that I was awarded the “Best Paper Presentation Award” for my technical session. This accomplishment would not have come to fruition without the incredible support, guidance and advice from my supervisor, Dr. Prateep Kumar Nayak, from the University of Waterloo, Canada. Additionally, my co-supervisor from Indonesia, Prof. Indah Susilowati and the V2V team from Indonesia were key team members, mentors, and friends that allowed this research to come together in fascinating streams.
This conference was a great experience for me, as it was not only my first time in New Delhi, but I was able to create and strengthen my relationships with peers from past events including various V2V field schools, webinars, and conferences. Additionally, the new friends that I was able to connect with during this conference have not only expanded my knowledge of small-scale fisheries in Asia, but have also become my close friends. Overall, the 14th AFAF conference in New Delhi, India, was a great experience, that brought up major challenges in fisheries and aquaculture in Asia, along with innovative solutions to solve these multidimensional problems.
I urge my fellow V2V members, scholars, and researchers to put themselves out there and experience an event and/or conference held by V2V as you will not be disappointed with the friendships, growth and connections that come from them.
V2V Global Partnership Highlights Small-Scale Fisheries at the 14th Asian Fisheries and Aquaculture Forum
Shreya Bhattacharya and Basanta Kumar Das, ICAR-CIFRI, India
15 March 2025
The 14th Asian Fisheries and Aquaculture Forum, held at the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Convention Centre in the NASC Complex, New Delhi, provided a dynamic platform for discussing pressing issues within the fisheries sector. A key session was dedicated to the "Vulnerability to Viability (V2V) Transitions in Small-Scale Fisheries of Asia," which brought together experts, policymakers, and researchers to explore strategies for enhancing the sustainability and resilience of small-scale fisheries (SSF) across the region. During the V2V Global Partnership session, participants examined the socio-economic and environmental vulnerabilities faced by small-scale fishing communities. They engaged in enlightening discussions about challenges such as resource depletion, market access issues, policy gaps, and climate change. To facilitate the transition from vulnerability to viability, the workshop emphasized the urgent need for sustainable livelihood options and effective governance frameworks.
Experts stressed the importance of capacity-building initiatives, policy interventions, and collaboration among stakeholders to support small-scale fishers. They highlighted successful case studies from various parts of Asia where innovative, community-driven approaches have improved economic opportunities and strengthened local governance. The discussions also addressed the role of digital tools and technology in enhancing market access, monitoring fishery resources, and promoting knowledge-sharing among fishing communities. Policymakers and researchers underscored the need for participatory decision-making, ensuring that small-scale fishers play an active role in shaping the policies that affect their livelihoods.
The session concluded with a call for collaborative efforts at both regional and global levels to address gaps in research, policy implementation, and financial support mechanisms. Given that small-scale fisheries play a vital role in food security, employment, and cultural heritage, promoting their transition from vulnerability to viability is essential for sustainable development in Asia. The insights gained from the V2V Global Partnership session are expected to significantly contribute to shaping shaping of policies and practices to ensure the resilience and sustainability of small-scale fisheries in the future.
My learning experience from the 14th Asian Fisheries and Aquaculture Forum
Ruyel Miah | PhD Candidate, University of Waterloo, Canada
15 March 2025
Attending the 14th Asian Fisheries and Aquaculture Forum (14AFAF) in New Delhi, India, organized by the Asian Fisheries Society, was an enriching experience, both professionally and personally. The forum provided a unique platform to engage with leading experts, researchers, and practitioners in the field of fisheries and aquaculture, offering invaluable insights into the latest developments, challenges, and opportunities in the sector. Presenting my research on transboundary Sundarbans governance for small-scale fisheries as part of the Vulnerability to Viability (V2V) Global Partnership project team allowed me to share my work with a diverse and knowledgeable audience while receiving constructive feedback that will undoubtedly shape the future direction of my research.
The AFAF brought together a diverse group of stakeholders including scientists, policymakers, industry representatives, and community advocates, all united by a common goal of promoting sustainable fisheries and aquaculture practices in Asia. The plenary sessions, technical presentations, and panel discussions covered a wide range of topics, from climate change adaptation and resource management to technological innovations and socio-economic equity. These sessions underscored the interconnectedness of environmental, social, and economic factors in shaping the future of fisheries and aquaculture, reinforcing the importance of interdisciplinary approaches to addressing complex challenges.
One of the most striking aspects of the forum was the emphasis on inclusivity and the role of small-scale fisheries in achieving sustainable development. Many presentations highlighted the vulnerabilities faced by small-scale fishers, particularly in the context of climate change, overfishing, and governance challenges. These discussions resonated deeply with my own research, which focuses on the transboundary governance of the Sundarbans—a globally significant ecosystem shared by India and Bangladesh—and its implications for the livelihoods of small-scale fishers.
Presenting my research on transboundary Sundarbans governance was both a privilege and a learning opportunity. My presentation focused on the challenges of managing shared resources in the Sundarbans, where small-scale fishers often face marginalization due to fragmented governance structures, competing resource uses, and limited access to decision-making processes. I highlighted the role of the V2V Global Partnership in fostering collaborative governance models that prioritize the viability and resilience of small-scale fisheries, emphasizing the need for transboundary cooperation, community engagement, and adaptive management strategies. The feedback I received from the audience was incredibly valuable. Engaging with experts from different disciplines and regions helped me refine my thinking and identify new avenues for research, particularly in terms of integrating traditional ecological knowledge with modern governance frameworks and exploring the potential of digital tools for enhancing stakeholder participation.
The forum reinforced my belief in the importance of transdisciplinary and participatory approaches to fisheries governance. The Sundarbans, as a transboundary ecosystem, presents unique challenges that cannot be addressed by any single country or sector alone. My research must continue to emphasize the need for inclusive, collaborative, and adaptive governance models that empower small-scale fishers and ensure the long-term sustainability of the ecosystem. Moving forward, I plan to deepen my engagement with local communities and stakeholders in the Sundarbans, ensuring that their voices and perspectives are central to my research. The insights gained from the AFAF will undoubtedly inform these efforts, providing a broader context and new ideas for addressing the complex challenges facing the Sundarbans and similar ecosystems worldwide.
Reflection on My V2V Poster for World Wetlands Day
Shahriyer Hossain Shetu | Masters Student, University of Waterloo, Canada
15 March 2025
Presenting my research on Vulnerability to Viability (V2V) in Small-Scale Fisheries at the World Wetlands Day 2025 event was a significant opportunity to bridge critical discussions on wetlands conservation and the resilience of small-scale fisheries (SSF). Wetlands play a fundamental role in sustaining fisheries by providing breeding grounds, supporting biodiversity, and acting as natural buffers against climate-induced disasters. However, the increasing vulnerabilities in both wetlands and SSFs—due to climate change, governance failures, and environmental degradation, underscore the urgency of sustainable management strategies.
Through my poster, I aimed to highlight the key drivers, governance shifts, and future pathways essential for transitioning SSFs from vulnerability to viability. The V2V Global Partnership, which forms the backbone of my research, provides a valuable framework for understanding how participatory governance, resilience-building, and adaptive strategies can help small-scale fishers navigate the complex socio-ecological challenges they face. My research utilizes a triangulation approach, integrating secondary data analysis, semi-structured interviews, and literature review to offer a comprehensive perspective on the evolution of the V2V network.
One of the most rewarding aspects of this experience was engaging with a diverse audience—fellow researchers, students, policymakers, and environmental professionals, who brought different insights into the intersection of wetlands conservation and SSFs. These discussions reinforced the interconnectedness of wetland ecosystems and small-scale fisheries, especially in vulnerable coastal and riverine communities. Many attendees were particularly interested in the governance dimension, questioning how local communities could be more actively involved in decision-making processes that affect their livelihoods. Their perspectives helped me reflect on the need for more integrative policies that consider both ecological and socio-economic sustainability.
Furthermore, World Wetlands Day served as a powerful reminder of the global urgency of wetland protection. As I observed other presentations and discussions, I realized that while my research focuses on SSFs, its implications extend far beyond fisheries. The vulnerabilities I explore—climate threats, economic instability, and governance challenges— are shared across various environmental sectors. This realization motivates me to expand my research lens, considering broader sustainability transitions beyond fisheries governance.
Looking ahead, my participation in this event has reinforced my commitment to applied research that informs policy and practice. The discussions and feedback I received will help refine my research objectives, particularly in terms of exploring nature-based solutions and community-led governance models for SSFs. Ultimately, the goal remains clear; to contribute to sustainable pathways that ensure the long-term resilience of both small-scale fisheries and the wetland ecosystems they depend on.
Reflections on my Participation in the Sundarbans Winter Field School
Moumita Dey | St. Xavier’s College Burdwan, India
15 March 2025
I had the opportunity to visit the Sundarbans as a participant in the Winter Field School and as an intern for the Aquamuse Project from 17th to 23rd January 2025. As a human geography student, I have primarily relied on field surveying techniques for research since my early college days. This time, however, I collaborated with academics, scholars, and activists on a shared platform. The field school was held on Kumirmari Island, a unique riverine landform surrounded by rivers, that faces the powerful forces of nature each year.
One of the most valuable lessons I learned was the clarity it brought to my understanding of ‘research’ and ‘reflection’. It took me three days to grasp the essential differences between these two concepts. I am particularly grateful to speakers such as Sisir Sir, Jenia Mam, Anuradha Mam, Bala Sir, Priyadarshi Sir, and Prateep Sir, who emphasized the importance of reflection in field research and encouraged us to adopt a more inclusive and participatory approach.
During the field school, I was part of a group comprising individuals from diverse disciplines like literature, visual arts, and social sciences. Together, we explored the themes of “Resilience ” and “Governance”. My team, alongside other participants, visited various parts of Kumirmari Island, using walking and observation as our primary methods. Interacting with people from different social strata, ages, and genders has provided us with valuable insights into the community’s complexities.
A key observation was the role of economic migration as a resilience strategy for Kumirmari. Faced with economic losses due to cyclone-induced floods and rapid riverbank erosion, the community has turned to migration. This has led to shifts in social structures, particularly in gender roles. Women have become more active in the paid economy, though they still carry the added burden of unpaid care work and household responsibilities. I observed women working tirelessly throughout the day, with their work and recreational spaces often overlapping. They would share stories while performing communal tasks such as washing utensils or fetching water from local taps or tube wells.
One particularly eye-opening experience for me was the contrast between my perception of safety and that of the local women. I was surprised to find them participating in a cockfighting game, where they not only brought their wild cocks but also sold local liquor. While men engaged in gambling and drinking, the women remained focused on their tasks. Despite the chaotic environment, I was deeply impressed by their courage and resilience. These women also sorted fish with male fishermen and organized its distribution among local households. They explained that the community support system helps them manage their households in the absence of their husbands or male family members.
The governance system in Kumirmari operates without formal structures, relying on a close-knit network of neighbors and kin. This informal yet active system plays a crucial role in sustaining the community's livelihoods, especially in areas like water usage, agriculture, and fishing. The everyday challenges faced by the people have fostered a strong sense of unity. Their resilience strategies have succeeded largely due to this informal community governance, which ensures that everyone’s basic needs are met, promoting both social cohesion and economic survival.
Defend the Sea
A Poem by Franklyn J. Wallace | an environmental researcher who works for Restoring a Clean Environment in Jamaica
15 March 2025
This great resource we've all enjoyed,
A priceless treasure in our hand,
By heartless few, is being destroyed
By careless practice on the land.
Our shores being wrecked
through selfish greed,
Polluted by their toxic waste,
The gentle corals disappear
With Fish migrating in a haste.
This great assault upon the sea
Is all for economic gain.
Yes, great rewards for just a few
Bring to the oceans, lifelong pain.
Protecting our inheritance
On Mountain, Plains and Sea,
On this, united we all stand
Until a change we see.
Imported plastics from their shelves
Now scattered cross the ocean floor
Bring serious injury to ourselves.
This gem we have, could be no more.
And now, to mine our shores they seek,
But with one voice we take a stand.
It will be more than words we speak,
Defending this, our Glorious land!
Protecting our inheritance
On mountain , plains and sea ,
On This, united we all stand
Until a_change_we see..
Umoja Tunasimama..
United We Stand !
Emperor Elijah Abeid Cazembe Muata Franklyn J WallaceRACE ( Restoring A Clean Environment) Jamaica W.I.
To Humanity
A Poem by Franklyn J. Wallace | an environmental researcher who works for Restoring a Clean Environment in Jamaica
The strong winds rage towards our shores.
The ancient mountains quake.
Earth says she can bear no more;
She's full, for goodness’ sake.
As we annihilate the trees,
The hills stretch, long and bare.
As we destroy the world around,
The dark clouds shed a tear..
On Humanity,
Can you feel her pain?
Oh, Humanity,
Will she weep In vain?
Humanity!
Can you hear her cry?
Oh, Humanity,
Countless souls may die.
Miles and miles across the globe
Brothers waste away,
Frightened victims got no hope,
Hurting night and day.
Doctors say they've got no cure,
Brothers take no heed.
Reckless, crazy games they play
Mother Earth now bleeds..
For Humanity.
The plates now shift, the polar melts,
From deeds that we have done.
The ozone's gone, the temp's betray the fury of the sun.
The bombs you test beneath the seas and earth in _sonic_ boom,
Bring dreadful waves upon the land And wreak horrendous doom
on Humanity.
Soon, you'll be bakin’, Soon you'll be quakin’.
Ignore the plea and you'll be mistaken.
Heed the warning. You're on the wrong track.
It's head on collison. You've got to turn back!
Humanity!
Can you hear her plea?
Oh, Humanity !
Look, while you can see, Humanity!
Danger lies in store.
Oh, Humanity,
Earth can take no more.
Franklyn J Wallace Emperor Elijah Abeid Cazembe Muata.
RACE ( Restoring A Clean Environment )
Zoomorphism in Kumirmari : A Photo Essay on Human Animal Interconnectedness
Soumi Bandyopadhyay | M.Phil scholar, Diamond Harbour Women's University, India
15 January 2025
In the complex and dynamic realms of Kumirmari lines between human existence and non human beings blur. Here, the river winds through the landscape like a serpent, the landscape features a name meaning crocodile ( Kumir ’ in Bengali), and the silhouette of the tiger stretches beyond forest boundaries. Through this photographic essay, I shall try to explore the intense zoomorphic consciousness in Kumirmari wherein animals move from mere symbolism into being integral to everyday survival, fear, and worship.
The Crocodile’s Legacy: Kumirmari’s Namesake:
“Kumirmari”, the name itself is a fossilized memory of a time when crocodiles ruled these waters. Though their numbers have dwindled, their presence lingers in stories and fears.
Fishermen as Fish: A Life Between Land and Water:
We are like fish,” say the fishermen of Kumirmari. “We live by the river, and if it turns against us, we die by it too.”
The Boat with Wings: Migration as Survival
Like migratory birds, Kumirmari’s people move with the seasons. When the floods come, the land is no longer theirs, and they take flight—some to the cities, some to uncertain futures.
The Tiger’s Gaze: A Landscape of Fear and Faith:
The tiger is not merely an animal, but a force of nature, a protector of the wildinbalance. The Banabibi shrine reminds the Kumirmari people that survival is not merely a question of skill—but of reverence.
The River Serpent: Tides of Uncertainty
The river is a serpent—calm one moment, coiling and striking the next. Every monsoon, its fangs sink into the land, swallowing homes and fields.
Prey and Predator: An Unequal Struggle
The rich are tigers; we are deer.” In Kumirmari, zoomorphism extends beyond nature—it shapes social hierarchies, where power is defined by who hunts and who is hunted.
Zoomorphism in Kumirmariis not just about metaphor—it is about existence. In a landscape where humans, animals, and the elements constantly negotiate their place, the boundaries between species dissolve. To live here is to embody many forms: to be as patient as a crocodile, as fierce as a tiger, as transient as a bird.
Reflections from Kolleru Lake Community Camp
Greeshma Prakash Sherly | Master's Student, University of Waterloo, Canada
15 January 2025
In December 2024, I had the opportunity to attend a weeklong field school in Kolleru Lake, Andhra Pradesh, with 25 students from different institutions in India and professionals from academia and government departments. The field school provided a platform for us to analyze the Kolleru Lake system through the lens of three main overarching themes such as complex socio-ecological system, the process of commonization and decommonization, and vulnerability to viability transitions.
All participants were divided into three groups, which helped to enrich the discussion and reflection session throughout the event with unique perspectives and vast knowledge.
We visited Mondikodu village, Atakapa Bird Sanctuary, Prathiko-Lanka village, Water testing center, and Kingfish-Aquaculture Feed Factory as part of our field trip. The three groups gathered insights through observations and casual conversations with local community members and stakeholders. The insight synthesis and analysis were then carried out through the lens of the theoretical framework using observational notes, field notes, co-synthesis discussion by team members, and finally, knowledge sharing through presentations and reports. This experience was eye-opening for me because it helped to broaden my thinking and enhance my knowledge, especially due to the diverse mix of people in the group.
Engaging with students and professionals with varied backgrounds brought unique perspectives and critical thinking into the classroom, reminding me to stay open-minded and consider multiple perspectives before jumping to conclusions.
Along with enhancing our knowledge, the entire field camp also emphasized the importance of group dynamics in the learning process. Throughout the camp, we engaged with different participants who were highly skilled and knowledgeable in diverse domains. Overwhelmed by the vast amount of wisdom shared by others, I realized that it is not about knowing everything. Still, it’s also about openness and curiosity of learning that decides our success. Being in such an environment remains a spark in my mind to grow, learn, and listen more, motivating me to keep expanding my knowledge and skills.
Reflections on my Kolleru Lake Community Camp Experience
Renuka karunaipragasam, Graduate Student, Pondichery University, India
15 January 2025
As a recent Environmental Science graduate, I found the Kolleru Lake Field School an invaluable opportunity to explore various aspects of my knowledge. The program helped me step out of my comfort zone and provided a clear path to start my career.
The field school had three topics to work on. I was part of the third group, focusing on "Vulnerabilities to Viabilities." Our group visited Mondikodu and Chettunapadu villages, where we engaged with the local communities to understand their perspectives on aquaculture and fish farming. For some individuals, aquaculture proved economically beneficial, while for others, it negatively impacted their daily livelihoods. The problems faced by the community may appear common, but I observed that the levels of vulnerabilities varied significantly from person to person. Community members voiced concerns over flooding, pollution of Kolleru Lake, and socio-economic challenges, offering insights into how the lake’s vulnerability is deeply rooted in environmental and socio-economic factors. At the same time, its viability depends on the sustainable management and availability of its resources. Our visit to the Kolleru Bird Sanctuary was another enlightening experience. The sanctuary’s official provided an overview of the lake’s history, highlighting the impacts of shifting agricultural lands to aquaculture, illegal encroachments, and implementing "Operation Kolleru." These discussions offered a comprehensive understanding of the lake’s challenges.
Additionally, we visited a shrimp and fish feed manufacturing site called Nexgen, where we learned about the feed production process and how the company supports local aquaculture farmers by offering these feeds at genuine prices. These visits provided a wealth of insightful information. These observations and questions were further explored during our reflection sessions, where the group collectively discussed and deepened our understanding of these themes.
A key takeaway from this field school is the importance of asking and exploring questions without rushing to conclusions, as vulnerabilities are dynamic and multifaceted. As someone interested in GIS mapping, I had the chance to create a study area map for my group presentation, which was an exciting and confidence-boosting experience. This opportunity taught me to learn, reflect, collaborate, present my perspectives, approach research questions, and write an effective research paper. It also allowed me to form valuable connections with individuals from various universities and work alongside them.
The guidance of Prof. Prateep and Dr. Sisir Sir was particularly impactful. Their teaching methods made complex concepts easily understandable, and Sisir Sir’s engaging games between sessions made the learning process enjoyable. The field school taught me how to work as part of a team, communicate my ideas effectively, and think critically about research.
Overall, the Kolleru Lake Field School was a memorable and transformative experience I will always treasure. It expanded my academic and professional horizons and equipped me with the confidence and skills to embark on my career journey.
Winter in the Sundarbans: A Picture-Perfect Season to Observe Life and Livelihood
Sanzida Alam, Master's Student, University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh
15 January 2025
The Sundarbans in winter look more picture-perfect and alive than ever. I recently visited the Sundarbans as part of a project on non-economic loss and damage in the southern belt of Bangladesh. We stayed in Munshiganj, Sundarbans, for five days, visiting various villages in the area to collect data through transect walks, Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). During this time, I had the opportunity to witness the unique lifestyles and livelihoods of the small-scale fishermen in the Sundarbans and how the mangrove forest itself transforms throughout the day.
Very early in the morning, the dense fog is so thick that the mighty Sundarbans and its towering trees remain hidden from view. The forest disappears into the mist, making it hard to see anything at all. In the later hours of the morning, the tide is low, and this is when the Red Fiddler Crabs make their appearance. These crabs are mainly found along sea beaches, brackish inter-tidal mudflats, and in the mangrove areas. However, if they sense your presence, they’ll disappear under the mud before you even notice. Looking across the river, you’ll notice the trees appear more white than green. It’s the migratory birds that have taken over the green canopy of the Sundarbans.
As the day progresses, the fishermen head out to the rivers to fish in the later afternoon, when the sun is warmer, and the high tides fill the river with water. These fishermen employ various fishing practices. Some groups are seen fixing their nets, while others prepare wooden traps. There are those who float on the tides, fishing hooks in the water, patiently waiting for a catch while basking in the warm sun. You might also see fishermen catching crabs along the shores.
On the other side of the village, the paddy fields are being harvested, and the land is being prepared for the next crop. At the same time, the villagers are getting ready for “Pitha Utsob”, a traditional celebration in Bangladesh after the paddy harvest, particularly during fall and winter. The Bonobibi Puja festival is also just around the corner, eagerly awaited by the Hindu communities in the village. Bonobibi, the goddess of the forest, is believed to protect the villagers and the small-scale fisheries from the dangers of the Sundarbans.
Winter in the Sundarbans is a relatively calm season, with fewer natural disasters. The skies are clear, and a dense fog lingers in the morning. The harvest season, combined with the cooler, peaceful atmosphere, has made Munshiganj a serene place. Despite the hardships the people in this community face, they remain hopeful and positive about their future and are grateful for the Sundarbans, which continue to provide their livelihood and protect them from all kids of harm.
Reflections on My Research Progress
Prince Agyapong | Master's Student, University of Waterloo, Canada
15 November 2024
In my research, “Transitioning from Vulnerability to Viability: Adaptive Responses of Artisanal River Gold Mining in Ankobra River scale Fishery Communities, Ghana,” I explored the socio-economic and ecological impacts of artisanal gold mining on the fishing communities of Sanwoma, Eziome and Ajomoro Eshiem. Through surveys and interviews, I examined the extent of gold mining activities and their effects on the local fishing industry, uncovering significant environmental degradation that threatens fish populations and traditional livelihoods. Community members shared concerns over pollution and declining fish yields, which intensify financial instability and health risks. This research stage highlighted a need for urgent sustainable interventions that promote both the river ecosystem and the communities dependent on it.
Furthermore, I mapped the communities’ adaptive responses, revealing resilient efforts, such as income diversification, despite limited resources and external support. Discussions with local leaders and environmental representatives underline the critical role of collaboration and support in strengthening these efforts. This experience has provided me with valuable insights into the vulnerabilities of these communities and their adaptability in the face of environmental threats. Moving forward, I aim to integrate these findings to help inform policy recommendations that promote sustainable solutions and resilience for the Ankobra communities impacted by artisanal gold mining.
Reflections on the Geospatial Map Seminar
Murray Lister | Master's Student, University of Waterloo, Canada
15 November 2024
"On September 20th, 2024, I gave a seminar to various students from the University of Diponegoro in the Faculty of Business and Economics enrolled in the “Natural Resource Economics” class. Alongside me for the seminar were assistants to Professor Indah Susilowati, including Ory, Anggun, Fika, Zayinn, and Ika, who aided in translation for students who struggled to ask or answer questions in English. This seminar was focused on creating a geospatial map (also called a recognition survey) with an accurate scale for their research papers. The seminar was designed to help students in “Natural Resource Economics” understand and learn a standardized way of creating a geospatial map with an accurate scale from Google Maps.
The seminar took place from 1 PM to 4 PM and was held in the Muladi Dome (the biggest dome in Central Java), on the University of Diponegoro campus. Students from research groups from the class “Natural Resource Economics” were asked to send one to two representatives to this seminar who had a background in computer technology, as the process of creating the geospatial map with the software could be difficult for some individuals to understand without a sound background in computer technology. To conduct this seminar, I connected my laptop to a TV screen that allowed students to watch me perform and create a geospatial map step-by-step and take notes on the process. After I had completed the presentation of the step-by-step process, there was a question-and-answer period, where many students brought up insightful and thought-provoking questions.
Many of the questions had to do with scaling the geospatial map which I was able to answer in a more personalized manner for each of the students such as providing alternative ways of creating their scale from Google Maps by measuring the scale or taking it directly from Google Maps itself. After the questions from the students were answered, a student from the audience was asked to share their computer screen on the TV with the rest of the group and take us through the step-by-step process that was just explained on how to create a geospatial map. This was done so that the assistants and I could ensure that the students had understood and comprehended the technical process of creating this complex map. After the students completed the recreation of the geospatial map process, we all took a group photo to commemorate this seminar.
Overall, this seminar was a great way for students, assistants of Prof Indah, and myself to learn, understand, and explain how to create a geospatial map with proper scaling to utilize within future research papers and projects. This seminar-style process allowed all members to share thoughts, ask questions, and receive feedback in an accepting and understanding environment that was beneficial to all. This experience was a great way to not only build our geospatial mapping skills but also to foster connections with peers in the broader academic community at the University of Diponegoro."
Reflections from the Summer Course in Indonesia
Murray Lister | Master's Student, University of Waterloo, Canada
15 November 2024
From October 3rd to October 8th, 2024, I had the amazing opportunity to attend the Indonesia Summer Course at the Universitas of Diponegoro in Semarang, Indonesia. This summer course was conducted in collaboration with the Universitas of Diponegoro, UNIRAZAK Malaysia, and the Vulnerability to Viability Global Partnership. Academics, scholars, policy professionals, community members, and governmental leaders came together to discuss the important topics of coastal communities using a vulnerability to viability approach. During the classroom portion of the Summer Course, over 50 students from the Universitas of Diponegoro and over 40 students, early career researchers, and policy and practice professionals joined from over three continents and ten countries. This was an amazing experience to learn the knowledge, perspectives, and ideas of people from around the globe, all with varying perspectives on transitioning coastal communities from vulnerability to viability.
After the in-classroom portion of the summer course, various participants traveled to fishing communities in the Demak region of Indonesia and the Jepara region of Indonesia. During these community visits, participants had in-depth discussions with fishers, fisherwives, fish processors, fish traders, and other members of fishing communities. These discussions highlighted the various challenges that fishing communities face within Indonesia's diverse regions and the strategies they are currently employing to overcome and adapt to these challenges. These discussions with fishing community members opened my eyes to how adaptable and resilient communities and fishers are when facing challenges that pose imminent risks to their livelihood. These conversations put into perspective the challenges that I face every day in Canada and how different they are from the challenges faced by fishing communities in coastal communities.
Overall, the Summer Course in Indonesia has allowed me to reflect on my experiences through an understanding that if one does not get out of their comfort zone and learn new perspectives, travel to new places, or talk with individuals who may not have the same ideals as you, you will never grow and learn. This Summer Course has taught me to push myself past my boundaries to ask the difficult questions and to go to distant, unfamiliar places and communities to gain knowledge and perspectives that will enable me to not only grow as a person but to help these vulnerable communities tackle challenges that they face daily.
I urge everyone to attend a Vulnerability to Viability Global Partnership field course, summer course, or seminar to understand the perspectives and stories of coastal communities. These experiences will leave you with new questions, thoughts, and ideas you would never learn in the comfort of your own country. You will also leave these amazing discussions with new friends and connections with people from around the globe that will only become stronger and more collaborative with time.
Reflections from Chilika-V2V Annual Field School Chilika Field School- An Unforgettable Experience
Upasna Acharya | PhD Student, University of Waterloo, Canada
15 September 2024
It's been quite some time since I last travelled independently. While I used to enjoy travelling for work and leisure, my current responsibilities as a mother, caring for my toddler, and navigating the challenges of an international PhD program have shifted my priorities. Despite this, I firmly believe that personal growth thrives beyond one's comfort zone and embracing the unknown. At times, taking a step forward without excessive worry and having faith in the unfolding of events is essential. With this mindset, I made the decision to participate in a summer field school taking place along the coast of the Bay of Bengal, India, far from my familiar surroundings. Coming from a country known for its majestic peak, “Mount Everest,” I had never experienced coastal living or the tranquility of lagoons. The prospect of participating in a week-long summer school at the Chilika lagoon captivated me as it promised an experience entirely novel to me.
Moreover, as a member of the V2V group, I have repeatedly encountered commendations for this field school, reflecting its capacity to offer not only a platform for learning and collaboration but also a supportive network conducive to enduring relationships. Driven by enthusiasm, I joined the field school alongside a few others from the University of Waterloo and later connected with participants from all over the world. The Chilika Field School brought together a diverse group of over 40 participants from various countries, fostering extensive collaboration and knowledge sharing. What truly stood out was the incredible diversity among the participants, encompassing fresh graduates, early career researchers to seasoned professionals representing academia, non-governmental organizations, and coastal communities. This inclusive environment exemplified transdisciplinarity, with no barriers based on age or field.
As we embarked on a one-week-long Krushna Chandra Jena Chilika-V2V Annual Field School, the warm reception from the organizing team, which included the Vulnerability to Viability (V2V) Global Partnership, University of Waterloo, the Rekhi Center of Excellence for the Science of Happiness at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur, and NIRMAN Odisha, left a lasting impression. The thumping beats of the drums and the exceptional hospitality at Panthanivas, Barkul made our stay truly unforgettable. The program's well-crafted balance of classroom learning, and hands-on field training allowed us to deeply immerse ourselves in Chilika Lagoon's dynamic ecosystem while forging close connections with coastal communities. Each morning, we were greeted by invigorating fresh air and breathtaking vistas, inspiring us to delve deeper into understanding the significance of Chilika to its stewards and the broader community. Our visit to the Badakul fishing village provided a valuable opportunity for meaningful interactions, offering insights into the dynamics, challenges, and recent hardships faced by the village commons.
On the second day, we had the opportunity to partake in a truly unique experience at the Nalaban Bird Sanctuary. While en route to the sanctuary, we had to switch from a motorized boat to a manual one to reach our destination. This transition served as a powerful reminder that despite technological advancements, nature has a way of grounding us. It reinforced the importance of respecting and coexisting with nature. From Nalaban, when we proceeded to the Kalijai temple, a profound sense of peace and gratitude showered over us. We witnessed the deep-rooted belief of the local community in Ma Kalijai's protective presence against drowning, which resonated with us and emphasized the power of hope and prayers. Additionally, visiting the vibrant Balugaon fish markets and collection center provided us with a firsthand look into the bustling nature of the fish trade. Amidst the chaos, we took the opportunity to engage with local stakeholders, gaining valuable insights into the region's fisheries value chain from diverse perspectives and realizing the significance of Chilika in catering to the needs of people from distant places.
Our subsequent visits to the Olive Ridley Turtle Conservation and the Mangalajodi Wetland Conservation were equally inspiring. Both sites illustrated the power of collective action and communal commitment to conservation efforts. The collaborative conservation initiatives observed at these locations underscored the harmonious coexistence of nature and humanity. Notably, the transformation of the boatmen and guides at the Mangalajodi Wetland Conservation exemplified the potential for positive change, serving as a testament to the remarkable impact of good deeds. This reminded me of David Attenborough's popular quote "If we take care of nature, nature will take care of us." The profound transformation of the individuals in Mangalajodi perfectly embodies this sentiment, reflecting their evolution from poachers to passionate protectors of the environment. Their dedication and belief in the interconnectedness of all life serve as an inspiring example of the transformative power of environmental stewardship.
However, these transformations have not been devoid of challenges. The Chilika region has grappled with sea mouth alterations, illicit aquaculture, sedimentation, pollution, and frequent cyclones. Interactions with the fishing community revealed prominent concerns about dwindling fish yields and their impact on livelihoods and families. Despite these adversities, the people of Chilika maintain a deep-rooted faith and reverence for “Mother Chilika.” Their unwavering belief in the care provided by Mother Chilika throughout history forms the basis for their coping mechanisms and adaptability. This profound faith in Chilika is central to the community's resilience and is reflected in their narratives.
As I look back on my experience in Chilika, I can't help but marvel at the profound personal connection I formed and the insights I gained. Chilika taught me about the unwavering strength of a mother and the incredible bond between a mother and her children. Like the lake draws life from the ocean and gives it back, a mother's love is selfless and nurturing. Chilika's natural beauty and tranquility are a powerful reminder to let go and embrace serenity. It's a place that continues to inspire resilience and growth, and I am grateful I could be part of it.
Finally, I express my heartfelt thanks to the V2V partnership and all the dedicated partners who put their hearts into organizing the Chilika field school. I also want to extend a big thank you to all the participants and community representatives who shared their invaluable insights, stories, and reflections. Your contributions have truly made the Chilika field school an experience unforgettable!
Insights on my Participation in the Chilika-V2V Annual Field School in India
Reashan Ujjaman | Master's Student, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh
15 September 2024
I have always sought opportunities to participate in scientific gatherings and engage with scholars in the field of my interest: small-scale fisheries and social-ecological systems. I am always eager to connect with more experts, early career researchers, and graduate students working on the social-ecological systems of small-scale fisheries worldwide and interact with them. The V2V Annual Field School, held from August 3-10 in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, was an incredible experience as it allowed me to learn new things and forge connections with people from various countries, regions, age groups, cultures, and academic backgrounds. The exceptional friendliness, hospitality, cooperation, and eagerness to participate in the shared learning process shown by the locals was an outstanding experience for me. I learned a lot from this field school, from the Chilika community of, and from all of the participants. This environment fostered meaningful connections and facilitated the exchange of knowledge, contributing significantly to the overall success of the program. I will miss these moments, that's for sure.
One exhilarating moment for me was to meet world-renowned scholars whose work I have been citing and using since I have grown my research interest. I had the chance to discuss my research and future plans with them, and I was struck by how approachable and down-to-earth they were when interacting with students. Their words and experiences have inspired me to continue working in this field and contribute to positive change for the often marginalized and undervalued small-scale fishing communities worldwide. Another significant opportunity provided by the field school was meeting a group of self-motivated, enthusiastic, and energetic students from 14 different countries who aspire to make meaningful contributions to the transition from vulnerability to viability in small-scale fisheries.
The group engagement program, field visits, and interactions with community members, along with the exploration of local wildlife, offered new perspectives and understanding of the socio-ecological dynamics of the Chillika Lagoon. The vulnerable local fishing communities shared valuable insights about local vulnerabilities, which will help us conduct our research on "Vulnerability to Viability".
According to the field observations, fishing holds a significant role at the social, political, and economic levels, especially in regions where the ecosystem's disturbances can heighten the vulnerability of local populations. Despite current challenges, both ecotourism and fishing remain vital for the socio-economic development of Chilika. However, their potential can be fully realized only through better organization and good governance. Notably, I observed similarities between this area and my research focus on evaluating key factors that contribute to the success or failure of alternative livelihood interventions within the Sundarbans fisher communities. The insights gained from the field school will be useful to me in various aspects of my ongoing research.
Heart to heart, Mind to mind, and Soul to soul with community members in Badakul fishing village, Chilika Lagoon, Odisha, India
Siddikur Rahman Sujon | Master's Student, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh
15 September 2024
Collaborative brainstorming sessions brought together senior scholars and students, fostering critical evaluation of Chilika’s ecosystem concerns and highlighting future directions for stakeholder empowerment and biodiversity preservation. Meeting these great minds, who generously shared their expertise, wisdom, and inspirational journeys, was both a pleasure and an honor. We exchanged ideas, expanded our networks, and enjoyed every bit of our social time together outside the formal teaching schedule.
Overall, the field school was a successful and transformative experience for me. It expanded my research network, deepened my understanding of significant research, and motivated me to continue contributing to issues of national and global importance. I extend my gratitude to the field school director, Dr. Prateep Kumar Nayak, and the V2V Global Partnership for allowing me to participate in this enriching program from which I've gained invaluable experiences and insights. I am also grateful to my supervisor, Dr. Mohammad Mahmudul Islam, for the opportunity to attend, and to Ruyel Miah, PhD Candidate at the University of Waterloo, Canada, for his unconditional logistical support. Reflecting on that week, it was a transformative experience where ideas flourished, and connections were ignited. The V2V field school marked a brilliant chapter in my academic journey.
Mangrove Magic: The Sundarbans tale of resilience
Gitashree | Research Scholar at ICAR-CIFRI, Kolkata, India
15 September 2024
As I wandered through the Sundarbans, I was amazed by how its communities have defied the odds, and incredibly adapted to one of the world's largest mangrove forests.The Sundarbans, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a vast expanse of mangrove forests straddling India and Bangladesh, and is renowned for its unique biodiversity and challenging environment. Sundarbans ecosystems are affected by extreme climatic events such as Aila, Hud Hud, Fani, Bul Bul, Amphan, Yaas, Remal and floods around the year. Their economy is affected by these natural calamities. Amidst this challenging ecosystem, a hardy community of small-scale fishers has thrived for centuries. These communities have developed a deep-rooted connection with the mangroves, relying on them for a variety of livelihoods. Fishing is a primary occupation, with locals using traditional methods in the waterways of the Sundarbans. The fish they catch provide essential nutrition as well as a decent income. Boat-building is another source of livelihood, artisans craft boats for both fishing and transportation from the very wood that grows in the surrounding mangroves.
Beyond these traditional livelihoods, the communities have also found innovative ways to utilize the mangroves' resources. Tourism has become popular with locals operating boats for visitors eager to experience the Sundarbans unique biodiversity and the elusive Bengal tiger. A unique aspect of the Sundarbans economy is the collection of wild honey. Honey collectors, known as Mouwalis, risk the dangers of the mangroves to gather this prized commodity, which is sold locally and internationally.
Women in the community are actively engaged in economic activities, such as collecting tiger prawn larvae, making traditional fishing gear, net mending, crafting jewelry from fish shells, and selling honey, fruits, and vegetables. These activities provide vital income and strengthen their families' resilience. Interestingly, nearly every household in the Sundarbans has a backyard pond where fish seeds are released to raise fish for personal consumption and sale. Fish, rich in protein and essential nutrients, is a dietary staple in Sundarbans.
The story of the Sundarbans is one of hope and resilience. It focuses on the importance of adaptability and diversification in the face of adversity. By utilizing the mangroves' resources and adopting diverse livelihood strategies, the Sundarbans communities are thriving. Their journey from vulnerability to viability offers valuable lessons for other coastal and marginalized communities facing similar challenges around the world. However, sustaining these livelihoods will require careful management of the natural resources they rely on. Conservation efforts, with sustainable development practices, will be essential in ensuring that the mangroves and coastal commons continue to provide for future generations.
Reflection on Field Research in Coastal Markets
Siva Sankararao Mallavarapu | Research Associate, Thompsons River University, Canada
15 September 2024
As a researcher, field experiences are often where the true depth of our work comes to light. On a rainy day at the Balugaon Fish Market in Odisha, my visit as part of the V2V Global Field School was a prime example of how immersive field research can offer profound insights into local economies. Joining many dedicated researchers from the around the world, we delved into the bustling market, eager to better understand the vital role that marginalized communities play in sustaining its daily operations.
Armed with a sense of curiosity, I found myself keenly observing as few of the field school participants posed a series of probing questions to the local mahajan (market middleman). The focus of the inquiries was simple yet critical: How do marginalized communities contribute to the market's dynamics, particularly regarding price determination, quality control, and the volume of fish being traded?
Seated at a modest stall amidst the market’s daily hustle, the mahajan offered detailed explanations about the participation of local fishers in the sales and purchasing processes. He shared the challenges they face in negotiating prices, ensuring the quality of their catch, and sustaining their livelihoods in an often-unpredictable environment. He also highlighted how the fish caught by these fishers are not just sold locally but also exported to other regions—emphasizing the often overlooked but significant contributions these communities make to the broader economy.
Reflecting on this experience, I was reminded of the importance of field research. Engaging directly with local stakeholders provides an opportunity to gather insights that are often missed in theoretical or economic analyses. The nuanced understanding we gain by interacting with the people who live and work in these environments allows for a more holistic approach to research. It also deepens our empathy and broadens our perspective on the challenges faced by these communities, which is crucial for designing effective interventions.
This visit to Balugaon was not an isolated event but part of a larger effort by 2024 Chilika Field School organized by V2V Global Partnership to understand and support the livelihoods of fishing communities in coastal and inland regions of India. Field research is not just about collecting data—it’s about amplifying the voices of marginalized groups, understanding their indispensable roles, and ensuring that their contributions to local markets and economies are recognized. The insights gathered from experiences like this will not only enrich ongoing research projects but also contribute to policy recommendations aimed at fostering more equitable market practices. Field research serves as a bridge between academia and real-world applications, allowing us to transform knowledge into action. As researchers, it is our responsibility to ensure that our work supports the resilience of these communities and leads to more inclusive, sustainable solutions. This reflection has reinforced my belief in the power of hands-on research to drive meaningful change. By immersing ourselves in the realities of those we study, we can craft research that is not only academically rigorous but also socially relevant making a tangible impact on the lives of those who need it most.
Chilika Field School: A Journey of (un)-disciplining, (un)-knowing, hope, and healing
Nabanita Samanta | Doctoral Researcher, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India
15 September 2024
The Chilika Field School provided the much-needed breathing space to free myself from hubris and hustle, and to embark on an exploratory journey of un-disciplining and (un)knowing. This allowed me to embrace the full spectrum of being-in-the-world. Professor Prateep’s reminder that our engagements during the Field School were meant for just reflection (rather than research) was humbling. It encouraged me to approach the observations with greater openness and receptiveness. Instead of succumbing to the rush for facts and reason, I learned to suspend conclusive reasoning and dwell in emerging questions—questions I tried to articulate simply based on observations and reflections from the field visits. For me, this exercise of opening up to the many hues of realities (reality in its plural and polymorphous form, which we can only partially know), unblinded by preconceptions and free from disciplinary and institutional prescriptions, has been one of the most cherished takeaways from the Field School.
Every journey into the ‘field’ – whether to the Nalaban bird sanctuary, Mangalajodi conservation site, the Kalijai temple, the fish market, the villages or the fish processing center, as we tried to engage with the social-ecological assemblages of Chilika lagoon – left me brimming with questions and reflections. These thoughts and ideas continue to resonate with me even beyond the spacetime of the Field School. I hardly anticipate beforehand that this exploratory journey would turn out to be so engaging that some of our brain-storming sessions and discussions with fellow participants extended till late nights, driven by our unbounded curiosity and active reflections (as opposed to instrumentalist knowing)!
Working in a group comprised of participants from diverse backgrounds – both academically and socio-culturally – offered another avenue for un-disciplining. While there were moments of disagreements and even frustration, as working in a group inevitably presents challenges, in the end, we managed to forge meaningful connections. I believe these connections were made possible by the Field School’s pedagogical approaches, which encouraged us not only to think together but also to see, feel, and be together. Animated by creativity, care and camaraderie, these moments of togetherness turned the Field School into a space of healing and hope. As we traverse our own worlds, often being baffled by the vulnerabilities or cherishing the possibilities amidst uncertainties of a world reeling from poly-crises and various forms of divisiveness, it is these connections —or the potential to connect, however ephemeral or lasting—that may serve as an antidote to the banality of pessimism.
In Picture: Adrift at the Chilika lagoon --- I took this photo during a boat-journey in the Field School. I’m sharing it as a metaphorical reflection of the insights described above: just as the boat and the fishers find themselves anchored in the lagoon, staying afloat amidst the dashing waves, we remain anchored to the values and lessons the Field School has instilled in us!
Stories from my reflection on Chilika-V2V Field School: The Legend of Uncle and Nephew Hills
Pallabi Chakraborty | Master’s Student, University of Waterloo, Canada
15 September 2024
The "Uncle and Nephew Hills" are prominent landmarks located near the Chilika Lagoon in Odisha, India. These two hills are steeped in local folklore and hold cultural significance for the people living around the area. While specific versions of the story may vary among locals, a commonly told legend goes as follows:
Once upon a time, there lived a wealthy and influential man (the Uncle) and his young Nephew in a village near the Chilika Lagoon. The Uncle was known for his arrogance and pride, often looking down upon others, including his own Nephew, who was humble and kind-hearted.
One day, a wise sage visited the village and prophesied that a great flood would soon engulf the area, destroying everything in its path. The sage advised the villagers to seek higher ground to save themselves. The Nephew took the warning seriously and urged his Uncle to leave the village and move to safer ground. However, the Uncle dismissed the prophecy, mocking the sage and his Nephew for believing in such tales.
As foretold, a massive flood soon swept through the village, causing widespread destruction. The Nephew, having prepared for the disaster, managed to reach higher ground and survive. The Uncle, caught off guard, struggled against the raging waters. Realizing his mistake and overcome with regret, he called out for help.
Moved by compassion despite his Uncle's previous arrogance, the Nephew braved the floodwaters to save him. Tragically, both were overwhelmed by the force of the flood and lost their lives. The gods, witnessing the Nephew's bravery and selflessness, decided to immortalize their story by transforming them into two hills overlooking the Chilika Lagoon. The Nephew was turned into the larger hill, while the Uncle into the smaller one, symbolizing the higher values of humility, compassion and bravery possessed by the former, and familial bonds.
Mangalajodi Community Conserved Area - Mahabir Pakshi Surakshya Samiti
Mr. Behera, a former poacher turned dedicated nature guide, has become a pivotal figure in the conservation of the Mangalajodi wetland, a vital habitat for numerous resident and migratory bird species. His journey from hunting birds for survival to protecting them is a testament to the transformative power of environmental stewardship. In recounting his past, Mr. Behera shared the hardships he faces in making a living while striving to safeguard the wetland. He recalled how birds like the Northern Shoveller and Pin-tailed Duck were once hunted for their meat, which was believed to be especially nourishing for expectant mothers, ensuring healthy children. However, with the introduction of conservation measures, Mr. Behera and his fellow villagers began to shift their mindset. They worked diligently to change the community's long-standing culinary traditions, gradually persuading the villagers to abandon the consumption of these birds. In a significant step towards preserving the wetland’s ecosystem, many of them also renounced fishing in the area, further ensuring the protection of its avian inhabitants.
During our guided tour, Mr. Behera illustrated the challenges faced by specific bird species, such as the Pheasant-tailed Jacana, whose eggs (laid on the grass) are constantly under threat from predatory crows and grazing buffaloes. We observed the seemingly unfair struggle between the birds and the crows, as the latter often outmaneuver the Jacanas to prey on their eggs. Yet, as Mr. Behera explained, this predation plays a crucial role in maintaining a balanced bird population within the ecosystem. Despite the apparent harshness of nature, these interactions are necessary for the overall health and sustainability of the wetland’s avian community.
Through his efforts, Mr. Behera has not only contributed to the conservation of Mangalajodi but has also fostered a deeper understanding and respect for the delicate balance of nature among the local villagers. His story is a powerful example of how individuals can make a significant impact on environmental conservation, even when their beginnings are rooted in practices that once threatened the very species they now strive to protect.
Fishing in the Chilika Lagoon
Chilika Lagoon has long been a cradle of life and sustenance, where generations of fishers have drawn their livelihoods from its brackish waters. For centuries, traditional, sustainable fishing was in practice, using handmade nets and simple boats that allowed to harvest the lagoon’s bounty without upsetting its delicate balance. The lagoon was rich with diverse fish species, and these methods ensured that the ecosystem remained healthy and productive. However, over the decades, the lagoon began to change. The arrival of modern fishing techniques, like mechanized boats and fine-mesh nets, brought a new way of life—one focused on catching more fish in less time. But this progress came at a cost. Overfishing became rampant, and the once-thriving ecosystem began to suffer. The construction of dams and the influx of pollutants disrupted the lagoon’s natural flow, further endangering the fish populations that had sustained us for so long. In the face of these challenges, however, many clung to their traditional ways, recognizing their value in preserving the lagoon’s health. Today, the lagoon stands as a testament to resilience. The old ways persist, now enhanced by new methods, as the fishers strive to maintain the harmony between their life and the natural world that sustains them.
Insights and Experiences from the Krushna Chandra Jena Chilika-V2V Field School
Sanzida Alam | Master’s Student, University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh
15 September 2024
Recently, I participated in the Krushna Chandra Jena Chilika-V2V Annual Field School on Environmental Change and Governance, organized by the Vulnerability to Viability (V2V) Global Partnership at the University of Waterloo, Canada, in collaboration with the Rekhi Centre of Excellence for the Science of Happiness at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, and NIRMAN Odisha, India. This week-long event, held from August 2nd to August 10th, 2024, brought together around 50 global participants, including students, faculty, NGO representatives, and community members.
The field school focused on transitioning coastal communities from vulnerability to viability in the Chilika Lagoon of Odisha. Through a blend of classroom and field training, participants explored the theme, “A Commons Approach to Coastal Communities Transitioning from Vulnerability to Viability,” gaining valuable insights into the roles of researchers, community engagement strategies, and the environmental impacts on research outcomes.
The unique aspect of this summer school is that it brings together enthusiastic individuals from diverse backgrounds and disciplines. Although these individuals think differently and have their own perspectives, they share a common goal in what they are working toward.
On the first day of the summer school, as we stepped into the Chilika Lagoon, we were warmly welcomed by the rhythmic beat of drums and the resonant sound of conch shells. In Indian culture, this traditional form of welcome holds deep significance, as the beating of drums symbolizes celebration and the conch's melodious blow is believed to ward off negativity, inviting auspiciousness. This heartfelt reception set the tone for our immersive experience in the rich cultural heritage of the region.
Later that day, our group took a walk along the mighty Chilika Lagoon, where our trainers and instructors, including community mobilizers, provided us with a historical overview of the lagoon. Another beautiful aspect of the program's orientation was the involvement of the local community, which began with a puja dedicated to Lord Jagannath. The ritual included burning incense sticks, filling the room with a fragrant scent that symbolized the deity’s presence, and placing flowers in the shrine to honor Lord Jagannath.
The following days were filled with classroom learning and visits to various locations, where we applied our theoretical knowledge to real-life fieldwork. We visited a fishing community village and held a focus group discussion under a large tree, gaining valuable insights into the Chilika Lagoon, including the major drivers that have altered its ecosystem and power dynamics. We also visited the bird sanctuary, where we learned about conservation practices, and the fish market, where we observed the market infrastructure, power relationships, and many other aspects. Our days also included group work and reflection sessions, where we shared feedback and thoughts, deepening our understanding and learning from each other.
One of the main lessons I learned from the field school, and I’m sure others felt the same—is that being a researcher involves more than just technical skills and academic knowledge. It requires curiosity, empathy, and the courage to step out of your comfort zone. Research isn’t just about finding answers; it’s also about asking the right questions—those that challenge current ideas and open up new paths for exploration.
We learned that as researchers, it's important to look beyond just our specific studies. The field school showed us the value of seeing the bigger picture—understanding how local issues connect to global challenges and recognizing how social, ecological, and economic systems are linked. In Chilika, I realized that research shouldn’t be limited to academic circles; it should be a tool for making positive changes and connecting communities, policymakers, and other key stakeholders.
For those of us just starting our research careers, the V2V Summer Field School was a powerful reminder of the potential our work has to drive meaningful change. To achieve this, we must be ready to engage with the world in all its complexity, listen to diverse perspectives, and approach our research with humility and an open mind.
As I left Chilika Lagoon, I carried with me not only the knowledge I had gained but also a renewed sense of purpose. The field school had not only taught me how to be a better researcher but had also inspired me to be a more thoughtful, conscientious, and engaged one.
The photograph I captured from Chilika Lagoon is a symphony in shades of blue—a masterpiece where sky and water blend into one serene expanse. The sky stretches infinitely above, painted in a serene blue, while the lagoon below mirrors its tranquility. This endless blue, both in the sky and the water, evokes a sense of calm and reliability, embodying the timeless wisdom of the lagoon itself.
In this frame, the colour blue is more than just a visual experience; it’s a symbol of serenity and inspiration. It represents the deep, stable foundation upon which the lives of those who reside by the lagoon are built. Chilika Lagoon, with its vast blue waters, reflects the ancient wisdom of the fishermen who have worked here for generations. Their knowledge, passed down over time, has become part of the lagoon itself—enduring and steady as the blue colour that surrounds it.
The tranquility of the lagoon is both a mirror and a mentor. It shows the wisdom of the people who live there and inspires all who witness its beauty. In this photograph, the colour blue isn’t just a shade—it tells a story of stability and inspiration. It reminds us of the lagoon’s quiet strength and the lasting legacy of its people.
Check the media coverage here.
Do Steam Power Plants Contribute to Inequity for Small-Scale Fishermen in West and East Roban, Batang Regency?
As Indonesia's population continues to grow, so does its need for electricity. According to a Ministry of Economic and Human Resources report, per capita electricity demand is projected to increase by about 4% in 2021 compared to the previous year. To meet this rising demand and support economic development, the Indonesian government is investing heavily in power plants. One of the major projects is the Batang Regency Steam Power Plant (PLTU), which is set to become the largest of its kind in ASEAN with a capacity of 2x1,000 MW. This ambitious project is a key component of Indonesia's 35,000 MW national electricity supply program, aimed at addressing the energy needs of Java and Bali.
While the PLTU Batang promises substantial benefits in terms of energy provision and economic growth, it also poses significant challenges for the local environment and communities. Specifically, the small-scale fishers in the nearby hamlets of West Roban and East Roban are experiencing considerable difficulties as a result of the plant's construction and operation.
The PLTU Batang is strategically located in four villages: Ujungnegoro, Karanggeneng, Ponowareng, Dukuh Roban Barat, and Kedungsegog, chosen for their proximity to the sea. The power plant’s presence has had a profound impact on the local fishing industry, which is vital for the livelihoods of many residents. Fishers in West Roban and East Roban, where the majority of the population relies on small-scale fishing, are feeling the strain.
Mr. Ahyarso, a local fisherman from West Roban, expressed his concerns:
“The existence of the Steam Power Plant makes the fishing grounds even further away, I have to catch fish at a more circular and longer distance, besides that, the cost of supplies is also getting more expensive."
This sentiment is shared by many in the area. The PLTU Batang, while crucial for national development, has created a stark trade-off. On one side, it supports the country’s energy needs; on the other, it disrupts the traditional fishing practices and livelihoods of local fishers, restricting their access to marine resources.
Inequity of Small-Scale Fishermen Amid the Presence of PLTU in Batang Regency
The establishment of a coal-fired power plant (PLTU) in Batang Regency is considered part of the broader "blue growth" strategy aimed at fostering economic development in coastal areas. However, blue growth activities, if not managed equitably, often create disparities and inequities. One such impact has been felt by small-scale fishermen in West Roban and East Roban, who are now facing restricted access to fishing areas due to the operations of the PLTU.
These fishermen, who primarily engage in one-day fishing trips, begin their day at 4:00 am, returning around noon with their catch. The fish they gather serve two essential purposes: fulfilling their daily household needs and covering the expenses for the next day's fishing. Their livelihood, therefore, depends heavily on the health of the coastal ecosystem around them.
The PLTU, while viewed as a critical national strategic project, has imposed significant trade-offs on the local fishing community. On one hand, the fishermen, as Indonesian citizens, are expected to support the development of such projects. On the other hand, they feel increasingly marginalized as their traditional fishing grounds are taken over, resulting in detrimental effects on their livelihoods.
Local fishermen, such as Mr. Wahyu Hidayat from East Roban and Mr. Ahyarso from West Roban, have voiced their frustrations about the impact of the PLTU on their livelihoods.
“It used to be very close, just 15 minutes to get to the fishing grounds. Now it takes two hours to reach Tawang.”
– Mr. Wahyu Hidayat
“We used to need only 15–25 liters of fuel, but now we need at least 30–40 liters, sometimes as much as 70 liters. It’s much more costly. In the past, the cost for supplies was around IDR 150,000 to 250,000, but now it’s normal to spend IDR 400,000 – 700,000 per trip”
– Mr. Ahyarso
To cope with these challenges, small-scale fishermen in West and East Roban continue to be part of fishermen's organizations such as the Rukun Nelayan, the Joint Business Group (KUB), and the All Indonesia Fishermen’s Association (HNSI). These organizations serve as vital platforms for fishermen to discuss their issues, voice their grievances, and receive support from stakeholders, including assistance with equipment or training.
In Batang Regency, there are 18 fishermen's organizations spread across various districts, including West and East Roban. These institutions act as crucial mediators between fishermen and stakeholders, ensuring that aid is distributed fairly and providing a forum for addressing the challenges posed by the PLTU and other coastal developments.
The case of the fishermen in West Roban and East Roban illustrates the broader issue of inequity in blue growth initiatives. While national development projects like the PLTU are essential for economic progress, they must be managed in a way that considers the needs and livelihoods of local communities. Without equitable policies and management, small-scale fishermen will continue to bear the brunt of these trade-offs, risking not only their livelihoods but the long-term sustainability of coastal ecosystems. Therefore, it is crucial for policymakers and stakeholders to engage more actively with local communities, ensuring that development projects create inclusive growth and minimize negative impacts on the environment and those who depend on it.
Reflections from field work at Assasuni Upazila of Satkhira District in Khulna Division, Bangladesh
Recently, my team, consisting of research assistants (RAs) and teaching assistants (TAs) from the Center for Sustainable Development, ULAB, visited Protapnagar, a union parishad in Assasuni Upazila of Satkhira District in Khulna Division, Bangladesh. We – Shahriyer, Razin, Isra, Atiya, and myself – conducted a survey for the ENGAGE: Eliciting Needs-based Grassroots Action through Cross-Group Engagement project. For most of us, it was our first time working as field enumerators.
Our visit took place from June 1st to June 10th, following the devastating cyclonic storm 'Remal' that struck near the Bangladesh-India border in the western part of the Sundarbans in Satkhira District on May 26th-27th. According to the Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD), the highest recorded wind speed during the cyclone was 111 km/h. This intense wind caused significant damage, including broken embankments, power and communication line disruptions, and widespread destruction from broken branches and uprooted trees in the coastal areas.
The first two days were spent on training. We were taught and trained on the usage of KoBoToolbox, an app to conduct surveys. We stayed at the Barsha Resort in Munshiganj, Forest Point, where we completed our initial training and conducted a demo field survey with the local residents. After our test survey, we had the chance to visit the beautiful village close to the Sundarbans area.
While walking along the narrow roads, we witnessed many fishermen returning to the river bank in their small boats, greeted by their wives waiting by the riverside. These fishermen heavily depend on the rich aquatic resources of the Sundarbans, which provide fish, crabs, shrimp, and beekeeping. They use traditional fishing methods that have been passed down through generations. Before their journeys, these forest fishers ritually pray to Bonbibi, a legendary goddess of the forest and a guardian spirit of the Sundarbans, seeking her blessings for a safe and fruitful expedition. Bonbibi is deeply respected in their culture, symbolizing protection and prosperity. The fishermen believe that Bonbibi safeguards them from the dangers of the forest, including the mighty Royal Bengal tigers and the treacherous waters. Her blessings are considered essential for their survival and success in fishing.
In the Sundarbans, fishermen face numerous challenges. The region is prone to natural disasters such as cyclones and flooding, which can devastate fishing communities and disrupt their activities. Additionally, the threat of human-wildlife conflict is ever-present, with the famous Royal Bengal tiger posing a significant danger. Climate change exacerbates these challenges, causing rising sea levels and increased salinity, which impact fish populations and habitats. When fishing is not possible, they engage in different occupations or shorter one-day fishing trips, but their reliance on Bonbibi's protection remains a constant in their lives.
Over the next 7 days, we stayed in Protapnagar, our actual working place, where we conducted day-long surveys across various unions. Our travels involved boat rides, biking, and using three-wheelers, allowing us to witness both the beauty of the village and the challenges faced by its people. The village is situated beside the infamous[NV1] Kopotakkho River, renowned for preserving the memory of the popular Bengali poet Michael Madhusudan Dutt. As beautiful and celebrated as this river is, it is equally well known for the destruction it wreaks upon the village. The uncontrolled erosion caused by the Kopotakkho River has taken away one-third of the river's womb[NV2] , resulting in destruction with even a slight rise in water levels or excessive rainfall. The village has yet to recover from the damage caused by Cyclones Amphan and Ayla.
In the past, the community thrived on fishing, relying heavily on the river's abundant fish stocks. However, with the river shrinking and sandbars emerging, boats now struggle to sail during low tide. The river, once teeming with various fish species and a vital source of livelihood, now exists as a cherished memories for the locals. Nowadays, they engage in fishing only for a specific period, typically for four to six months when they venture out to sea. During the rest of the year, they undertake various types of labor work or migrate to different cities in search of employment.
During our seven-day visit, we learned about the lifestyles, struggles, stories, culture, traditions, beliefs, and coping strategies of these people. Despite everything, they continue to bravely live their lives. Our time here has not only broadened our understanding of the local dynamics but has also left a lasting impression of courage and perseverance. The stories we've heard, and the sights we've witnessed— from fishermen returning with their daily catch to the cultural rituals honoring Bonbibi— underscore the interconnectedness of human lives with nature's unpredictable forces. The challenges faced by communities along the Kopotakkho River serve as a poignant reminder of the urgent need for inclusive strategies to mitigate environmental risks and support livelihoods.
A Transformative Experience at the 10th World Water Forum with WYPW
I am excited to share my unforgettable experience as a delegate at the 6th World Youth Parliament for Water (WYPW) General Assembly, held alongside the 10th World Water Forum (WWF) in Bali, Indonesia, from May 15 to 25, 2024. This event was a pivotal moment in my journey as a young water sustainability leader, and I am thrilled to bring you along on this adventure.
Having been selected as a delegate for the 6th World Youth Parliament for Water (WYPW) General Assembly, I am honored to have been chosen as one of 70 young leaders from over 40 countries to participate in this prestigious event. The theme, “Water and Youth: Levers for Cooperation and Peace,” resonated deeply with me and set the tone for an enriching experience. Engaging in a series of workshops designed to enhance our practical skills and deepen our understanding of water issues, we also had the opportunity to explore Indonesian water challenges firsthand through field visits, connecting with local communities along the way. Meeting and learning from leading experts and fellow young leaders in the water sector was incredibly inspiring. These interactions provided valuable insights and strengthened our collective resolve to drive positive change. As young delegates, we had the opportunity to influence the political process of the 10th World Water Forum, presenting youth perspectives and priorities, and advocating for meaningful action on water sustainability. The delegation was wonderfully diverse, with representatives from Asia (35%), Europe (23%), the Americas (22%), Africa (19%), and Oceania (1%). This diversity enriched our discussions and underscored the global nature of water challenges.
One of the standout moments was our mangrove clean-up field trip, conducted in collaboration with Pangea—a passionate team dedicated to repurposing plastic waste into high-quality sunglasses and adventure gear, contributing to global environmental restoration efforts. This experience was particularly meaningful as it aligned perfectly with my commitment to water sustainability. Meeting like-minded individuals from diverse backgrounds during this initiative, which was part of the #1MillionYouthActionChallenge organized by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, further strengthened my passion for environmental conservation and global cooperation.
During our time in Bali, we engaged in a meaningful mangrove clean-up initiative. This effort was conducted in collaboration with artist Liina Klauss and supported by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation. Together, we launched the “We Are Water” art campaign as part of the 1 Million Youth Actions Challenge. This campaign aimed to raise awareness about plastic pollution through creative expression. The Bali Youth Parliament for Water played a pivotal role in organizing and executing this campaign. Through our collective efforts, we showcased the power of creativity and collaboration in advocating for a sustainable and peaceful future.
On May 20, 2024, I had the incredible opportunity to participate in the 10th World Water Forum (WWF) as part of the South Africa Youth Parliament for Water. The session, titled "Transformed and Inclusive Water Sector: South Africa Youth Water Campaign," provided a powerful platform for young voices to address critical water issues. We discussed the impact of global workshops on addressing water challenges in South Africa. A mini-documentary showcased three key water issues faced by South African communities: excessive water, water scarcity, and water pollution. We explored how youth and young water professionals can engage more meaningfully in decision-making processes, particularly at high-level stakeholder events. The picture shows Fatou M'bow, the African Focal Point of WYPW; Nina Raasakka, Programme Management Officer of the World Water Quality Alliance; and myself participating in a panel session moderated by Odwa Ntsika Mtembu, MSc, Pr.Sci.Nat, representing the African WYPW.
Being part of such a significant event was inspiring and empowering. It reinforced the importance of youth involvement in addressing global water challenges and the need for inclusive platforms where young voices can be heard. These 10 days of mobilization were a profound opportunity to collaborate, shape, and amplify young people's perspectives for a better water future.
Reflecting on Moments of Impact at Global Forums
I’m thrilled to share highlights from the recent 2024 SSF Regional Symposium, where passionate individuals from around the globe converged to explore the theme of 'Bright Spots ~ Hope Spots' in small-scale fisheries (SSF) across the Asia-Pacific region. Hosted by TBTI Japan in partnership with Tokai University, V2V, and other esteemed collaborators, the symposium was a dynamic platform for knowledge exchange and collaboration. From April 9-12, participants engaged in thought-provoking discussions, inspiring presentations, and immersive experiences that shed light on the critical role of SSF in promoting sustainable livelihoods, preserving cultural heritage, and safeguarding marine ecosystems. The symposium, themed "Bright Spots ~ Hope Spots," served as a poignant reminder of the critical role small-scale fisheries play in our global ecosystem and the challenges they face.
As a participant in this vibrant gathering, I had the privilege of engaging with a diverse array of individuals united in their commitment to supporting SSF sustainability. Through discussions, presentations, and shared experiences, the symposium provided valuable insights into both the successes and the pressing issues confronting SSF communities across the Asia-Pacific region. The gathering celebrated the "bright spots" of success in SSF, highlighting the resilience and innovation of thriving fisheries. These success stories serve as beacons of hope, demonstrating what can be achieved when communities, policymakers, and stakeholders work together in pursuit of sustainability. Alongside these bright spots, the symposium also shed light on the challenges facing many SSF communities, termed "hope spots." These areas represent opportunities for collaboration and intervention to address issues such as unequal access to resources, marginalization of stakeholders, labor exploitation, and environmental degradation. The urgency of addressing these challenges was palpable throughout the symposium, underscoring the need for immediate attention and support.
As I shared insights from my Ph.D. research on blue injustices within SSF contexts, I was humbled by the opportunity to amplify the voices of marginalized fisherfolk and advocate for inclusive solutions that address systemic inequalities. Some of my key highlights were (i) Inspiring journey shared by Kimberly Orren, former high school science teacher turned fisherman and co-founder of Fishing for Success, captivated the audience with her personal journey of revitalizing youth engagement in fishing heritage in Newfoundland & Labrador. (ii) Creative expression by Artist-in-Residence Kelly Jane Bruton brought our conversations to life with a captivating word map on a fishing net, capturing the essence of our discussions and reflections. (iii) Participants had the opportunity to delve into cutting-edge research, including presentations on topics such as blue injustices and the socio-economic dynamics of SSF communities. (iv) Culinary Delights showcased by an amazing chef + set-net fisher + member of Yui Fisheries Cooperative Association (FCA), Mr. Yasushi Mochizuki showcased his culinary expertise by preparing traditional specialties of Shimizu fish, providing a delicious reminder of the interconnectedness between fisheries, culture, and cuisine.
One of the most thought-provoking presentations came from the V2V delegates, who explored the concept of "blue injustices" within the context of SSF. Through research and real-world experiences, they elucidated the complex and interconnected nature of these injustices, spanning social, economic, and environmental dimensions. The presentation underscored how blue injustices disproportionately affect vulnerable and marginalized groups within SSF communities, highlighting the need for a rights-based approach grounded in equity, justice, and sustainability principles. The symposium delegates unanimously called for transformative change at both local and global levels. They advocated for policies and interventions that empower SSF communities, promote social inclusion, and protect marine resources. This shared vision of building resilient and thriving SSF communities resonated deeply with all participants, who recognized the collective responsibility to effect positive change.
As I reflect on my experience at the SSF Regional Symposium for Asia-Pacific, I am inspired by the dedication and passion of all those involved. The symposium served as a catalyst for collaboration, knowledge exchange, and collective action. Moving forward, it is imperative that we build upon the momentum generated during the symposium and translate our discussions into tangible outcomes. By working together, we can create a more sustainable future for SSF communities and ensure the health and vitality of our oceans for generations to come. I extend heartfelt gratitude to all participants, speakers, organizers, and partners who contributed to the success of the 2024 SSF Regional Symposium. It reinforced the importance of collaboration, innovation, and advocacy in addressing the complex issues facing SSF communities. As we navigate the path forward, let us remain steadfast in our commitment to building a more equitable, just, and sustainable future for all.
Potential of Sustainable Fisheries: A Recap of the 2024 SSF Regional Symposium
I’m thrilled to share highlights from the recent 2024 SSF Regional Symposium, where passionate individuals from around the globe converged to explore the theme of 'Bright Spots ~ Hope Spots' in small-scale fisheries (SSF) across the Asia-Pacific region. Hosted by TBTI Japan in partnership with Tokai University, V2V, and other esteemed collaborators, the symposium was a dynamic platform for knowledge exchange and collaboration. From April 9-12, participants engaged in thought-provoking discussions, inspiring presentations, and immersive experiences that shed light on the critical role of SSF in promoting sustainable livelihoods, preserving cultural heritage, and safeguarding marine ecosystems. The symposium, themed "Bright Spots ~ Hope Spots," served as a poignant reminder of the critical role small-scale fisheries play in our global ecosystem and the challenges they face.
As a participant in this vibrant gathering, I had the privilege of engaging with a diverse array of individuals united in their commitment to supporting SSF sustainability. Through discussions, presentations, and shared experiences, the symposium provided valuable insights into both the successes and the pressing issues confronting SSF communities across the Asia-Pacific region. The gathering celebrated the "bright spots" of success in SSF, highlighting the resilience and innovation of thriving fisheries. These success stories serve as beacons of hope, demonstrating what can be achieved when communities, policymakers, and stakeholders work together in pursuit of sustainability. Alongside these bright spots, the symposium also shed light on the challenges facing many SSF communities, termed "hope spots." These areas represent opportunities for collaboration and intervention to address issues such as unequal access to resources, marginalization of stakeholders, labor exploitation, and environmental degradation. The urgency of addressing these challenges was palpable throughout the symposium, underscoring the need for immediate attention and support.
As I shared insights from my Ph.D. research on blue injustices within SSF contexts, I was humbled by the opportunity to amplify the voices of marginalized fisherfolk and advocate for inclusive solutions that address systemic inequalities. Some of my key highlights were (i) Inspiring journey shared by Kimberly Orren, former high school science teacher turned fisherman and co-founder of Fishing for Success, captivated the audience with her personal journey of revitalizing youth engagement in fishing heritage in Newfoundland & Labrador. (ii) Creative expression by Artist-in-Residence Kelly Jane Bruton brought our conversations to life with a captivating word map on a fishing net, capturing the essence of our discussions and reflections. (iii) Participants had the opportunity to delve into cutting-edge research, including presentations on topics such as blue injustices and the socio-economic dynamics of SSF communities. (iv) Culinary Delights showcased by an amazing chef + set-net fisher + member of Yui Fisheries Cooperative Association (FCA), Mr. Yasushi Mochizuki showcased his culinary expertise by preparing traditional specialties of Shimizu fish, providing a delicious reminder of the interconnectedness between fisheries, culture, and cuisine.
One of the most thought-provoking presentations came from the V2V delegates, who explored the concept of "blue injustices" within the context of SSF. Through research and real-world experiences, they elucidated the complex and interconnected nature of these injustices, spanning social, economic, and environmental dimensions. The presentation underscored how blue injustices disproportionately affect vulnerable and marginalized groups within SSF communities, highlighting the need for a rights-based approach grounded in equity, justice, and sustainability principles. The symposium delegates unanimously called for transformative change at both local and global levels. They advocated for policies and interventions that empower SSF communities, promote social inclusion, and protect marine resources. This shared vision of building resilient and thriving SSF communities resonated deeply with all participants, who recognized the collective responsibility to effect positive change.
As I reflect on my experience at the SSF Regional Symposium for Asia-Pacific, I am inspired by the dedication and passion of all those involved. The symposium served as a catalyst for collaboration, knowledge exchange, and collective action. Moving forward, it is imperative that we build upon the momentum generated during the symposium and translate our discussions into tangible outcomes. By working together, we can create a more sustainable future for SSF communities and ensure the health and vitality of our oceans for generations to come. I extend heartfelt gratitude to all participants, speakers, organizers, and partners who contributed to the success of the 2024 SSF Regional Symposium. It reinforced the importance of collaboration, innovation, and advocacy in addressing the complex issues facing SSF communities. As we navigate the path forward, let us remain steadfast in our commitment to building a more equitable, just, and sustainable future for all.
Reflections from the SSF Regional Symposium for Asia Pacific
I attended a symposium called Small-Scale Fisheries Regional Symposium for Asia-Pacific, held from 9-12 April in Japan. It was nice to have a chance to meet Asian experts in the SSF field as well as Master's students. The meeting's welcoming dinner brought some seafood prepared by SSF fishers from a local port, which reflected the tight and positive relationship between fishers and researchers in Japan. The field trip on the third day also proved the fishers' innovation and authority of operating indoor education in different ways, such as the cooking class about dealing with fish meat.
I did my presentation about Umigyo Tourism, focusing on Justice, and I was surprised that there were other presentations on similar Ecotourism topics in other countries. One of the most impressive presentations was about the fishing experiential learning program in Newfoundland, Canada, due to Umigyo's same entry point through education. Except during my speech time, I was one of the photographers who recorded others' wonderful moments of their presentations. It was a meaningful chance for me to become more familiar with different aspects of the event operation.
One of the most exciting aspects of the symposium was the opportunity to forge friendships with other Master's students in this international atmosphere, including Hanan, Poulami, and Jewel. The symposium also provided a platform to reconnect with Navya from UW and Wei Xu (also known as Joy), Miyu, and Rina from Tokai University. Sharing a table with Professor Jang allowed us to delve into the intricacies of language, further enriching our learning experience. I am confident that the information exchange at the symposium will lead to a more comprehensive understanding and innovative methods for SSF.
Moreover, one of the symposium days brought us all to different places besides merely SSF-related destinations, such as a temple and a shopping mall. As a consequence, a more comprehensive contact with the local people and culture can lead the experts to better understand Japanese society. It must be an impressive memory for every participant.
Echoes of the Sea: The Resilience and Magic of Bhatiali Songs
Creative writing by Sanzida Alam | Master's student, CSD, University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh
15 May 2024
According to the Oxford Dictionary, the "sea" is defined as the expanse of salt water covering most of the Earth's surface and surrounding its land masses. However, with my limited knowledge and personal experiences with the sea, I find that its true essence transcends this mere definition. To me, the sea is a place of magical waves, possessing both destructive force and snooting beauty. As these waves crash upon the shore, they carry away impurities and breathe life into the land. At night, when illuminated by the moonlight, the sea transforms into a canvas of heavily hued hues, offering solace and hope to countless beings. It is the magical orb that sustains life and inspires awe in both humans and nature alike. Above all, the sea and its branches, including rivers and lakes, serve as the home and livelihood for an estimated 9.5 million people in Bangladesh, constituting 73% of the population. These water bodies not only sustain life but also provide essential resources for communities, including fishing grounds for sustenance and income generation. For millions of Bangladeshis, the sea is not merely a geographic feature but a vital part of their identity, culture, tradition and means of survival.
The journey of fishing in the sea is far from easy. Fishermen often leave their homes for days, even months, in order to provide food on the plates for their families. While most individuals find solace in the company of their loved ones, for fishermen, the sea becomes their primary family. They spend the majority of their time in the haze of the water, waves, and sky, becoming intimately familiar with the patterns of the sea and the nuances of the weather. Their days are spent aboard boats, braving the elements and working tirelessly to secure their catch. Usually, a person would start feeling homesick after spending 5-7 days away from home; but for them, that’s not an option.
So, what do they do when they miss home? Or the smile of their loved ones? Or the voices of their children? They sing! When they miss their families or face hardships, they sing with all their hearts, their voices mingling with the rhythm of the waves. These songs have a special name in Bangladesh, known as Bhatiali, the music of the river and sea communities.
Bhatiali Gaan (folk music of Bangladesh) is deeply rooted in the rural communities in Bangladesh, especially among the fishermen. Unlike modern or classical music, Bhatiali songs are not influenced by any external forces but rather depict the raw emotions and experiences of the people who sing them. When the fisherman is out at sea, away from their home and loved ones, Bhatiali songs serve as their loyal companions. With each verse, they recount the tales of their daily struggles, pain and even joy. To us, these songs may seem mere melodies but for them, it’s a reflection of their reality, strategies to stay strong during their vulnerable times when the sea is against their will, and their resilience in the face of adversity.
So next time you find yourself out at sea and encounter fishermen singing songs, take a moment to pause and listen. Close your eyes and see if you can catch the lyrics of their songs. You'll likely find yourself understanding the struggles of these unsung heroes and experiencing the magic of Bhatiali songs firsthand.
Photo credit: Fozla Azim